FBI faking terrorist threats?

In an interesting piece on Alternet.org, Seth Freed Wessler asks, "Why are the Feds cultivating their own 'Homegrown Terrorists'?"

An intriguing question. I hadn't asked myself that question, but I had wondered that the thwarted terrorist attacks we've heard about seemed to involve young men duped into believing they were being recruited by Islamic terrorists. But none of them ever actually communicated with terrorists. Apparently none of them actually had any plans to commit terrorist acts until recruited by the FBI.

Mr. Wessler gives a brief recounting of the case of Antonio Martinez. Martinez converted to Islam, and was eventually approached on Facebook by the FBI, who set him up with (fake) explosives and a plan to use them. Martinez never had contact with any actual terrorists, and other than comments on Facebook saying he supported Jihad, wasn't looking for contacts. So what exactly made him a terrorist threat?

A former FBI agent who has been involved in the defense of persons arrested using these techniques claims that the majority of such cases are bogus - and even rely on hysteria more than hard evidence. In an interview on PBS's Frontline, former agent James Wedick lays out all the problems with the case against Hamid and Umer Hayat, a father and son convicted of planning a terrorist attack. Based on Wedick's interview and the FBI response given to Frontline, I tend to think Seth Wessler may be onto something.

Sitting here it's hard to be sure what's the truth. But it is interesting that in recent history the terrorists who were stopped were setup by the FBI, and the terrorists who almost succeeded were ignored by our intelligence community.

The terrorists are winning

I got a kick out of this cartoon by Mike Keefe on the Cagle Political Cartoon blog. I thought it was pretty close to right, but amusing.

Then I read about Thomas Sawyer, a survivor of bladder cancer who was humiliated by thoughtless TSA employees. He was chosen for an enhanced pat down after going through the full body scanner. He tried to warn them about his urostomy bag, but they ignored him and broke the seal, leaving him wet and smelling of urine. The TSA employees acted as though nothing had happened despite the wet spot on his clothes. And I realized that the changes we're enduring because of terrorism are no laughing matter.

Next I read a headline, "Qaeda Branch Aimed for Broad Damage at Low Cost," referring to the failed (or not) parcel bomb last month. The terrorists claim the operation may not have blown up a plane, but it had the desired effect of causing the U.S. to revamp security again, a time consuming and expensive prospect. In fact they've shifted emphasis from flashy attacks to simple, low grade attacks that cause maximum return in things like expanded security procedures.

The terrorists have won. They control our airport security. We need to turn things around and come up with reasonable procedures for airport security that respect human dignity and treat airline passengers like customers, not suspects.

TSA procedures fail most important test: Effectiveness

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is coming under a lot of fire lately. Privacy advocates and groups are attacking full body scanners and "enhanced" pat downs while overzealous, poorly trained or just plain drunk with power employees do things that are fueling the fires of citizen backlash against the ridiculous procedures.

From the (over)reaction to Johnny Edge's refusal to get either full body scanned or an enhanced pat down to a three year old girl terrorized by a too literal interpretation of the rules by a TSA employee, it has become obvious that the TSA and our government have forgotten who the enemy is. And I think even the low level employees know how ineffective their procedures are. The frustration, and maybe even fear that they will be the one that let's a bomber through cause them to react to any resistance, even a tired, scared three year old, as if it's a serious threat.

Of course, not everyone thinks the TSA is wrong. Even though there are experts who refute the TSA claims that the full body scanners are harmless. Even though there is doubt that the scanners would detect explosives of the type used by the crotchbomber. Even though no one knows if the scanners will detect or scan through artificial flesh. Even though the GAO recommended more testing before buying or deploying any more of the scanners earlier this year. Even though there is so much doubt about the real usefulness of the scanners The Christian Science Monitor supports the TSA, as does Alex Altman at the Time Swampland political blog. Mr. Altman cites a CBS poll showing that 81% of Americans are ok with the TSA procedures. But the problems with TSA procedures will persist even if 100% of the citizens are ok with them.

You can say that any security can be breached by someone clever and determined enough. And you wouldn't be lying. But it doesn't even take a particularly clever or determined terrorist to get through the body scanners and pat downs.

But that's not the worst. The way airport security works now, all you have to do is get into the airport and approach the people lined up at the checkpoints. Not as spectacular as the flaming remnants of a passenger jet falling from the sky, but possibly even more effective as a terror tactic. Maybe as effective psychologically as hitting the Twin Towers on 9/11.

Could Israel's system scale to work with our aviation system? Can any part of it? Has anybody checked? If it can, then leaving the system we have in place unaltered is criminally negligent.

More Homeland (in)Security

In a report on Yahoo News, EILEEN SULLIVAN and MATT APUZZO of the Associated press tell us why Faisal Shahzad was almost able to leave the country by plane after his alleged failed bombing attempt. It's a sad statement that just four months after dumb luck kept the crotchbomber from blowing himself and his fellow passengers out of the sky in a plane he shouldn't have been able to board, dumb luck again prevents a terrorist wannabe from igniting his bomb - and in this instance, escaping by boarding a plane he should never have been able to board.

This sad statement on U.S. security reminded me of an almost 4 year old blog post by Bruce Schneier on the arrests in July, 2006 of terrorists reportedly hoping to set off a so-called "binary explosive" - something apparently extremely difficult to do. Regardless of the likelihood of that scenario, Mr. Schneier makes some very good points:

"None of the airplane security measures implemented because of 9/11 -- no-fly lists, secondary screening, prohibitions against pocket knives and corkscrews -- had anything to do with last week's arrests. And they wouldn't have prevented the planned attacks, had the terrorists not been arrested. A national ID card wouldn't have made a difference, either.

Instead, the arrests are a victory for old-fashioned intelligence and investigation. Details are still secret, but police in at least two countries were watching the terrorists for a long time. They followed leads, figured out who was talking to whom, and slowly pieced together both the network and the plot."

Last Christmas's intelligence fiasco points out the same thing. In 2001 we had a massive intelligence failure - all the pieces were there, but inter-agency, even intra-agency, rivalry prevented the all the pieces being gathered to be put together. In December 2009 all the pieces were there, but were ignored, or not communicated in a timely manner. In the two incidents of the last 6 months the terrorist boarded an international flight despite being on the no-fly list. All of this shows that we don't need more ways for the government to monitor and spy on us. Adding new ways to gather information so it can be misused - or not used at all - is not an answer. We need to make proper use of the methods we already have in place. Then we can know what is working and what needs changing.

Full body scans can't be abused. Right.

Michael Holden reports in Reuters "Oddly Enough" news that a security worker at London's Heathrow airport is in hot water for looking at a coworker who "mistakenly strayed into the scanner."

The 25 year old man is not in deep trouble yet because the incident is still being investigated, but if the investigators conclude he actually did see things he shouldn't have it will put a whole new spin on full body scans. Citizens around the world have been assured repeatedly that security workers wouldn't be able to see their "naughty bits" on the scans. If the investigation proves they can, there could be a massive public outcry.

Of course, the investigation is being carried out by government employees, and the government has a vested interest in finding that nothing actually happened.

Is answering the census safe?

NOTE: Checking Census law reveals that it is illegal to refuse to answer the census questions.

In an opinion piece on csmonitor.com James Bovard examines the possibility that our census answers may not be as private as we're promised they'll be. He looks at the historical record the census bureau has built regarding privacy of census data. It doesn't look too good. The first mar on the bureaus record was the production of a list of Japanese Americans on the East coast within days of Pearl Harbor. Although they are now remembered (when mentioned at all) as "internment camps," or "War Relocation Camps," Japanese Americans were rounded up and put into concentration camps. The Census Bureau denied any such activity until 2000, and denied giving specific names and addresses until it was proved in 2007 that exactly that information had been provided.

The Department of Homeland Security was given similar information by the Census Bureau in 2003-2004 regarding people of Middle Eastern ancestry in the U.S. No roundups occurred, but they would have been much easier with that information.

Mr. Bovard talks about the abuses to citizen privacy in the last 10 years, and points out that all the census is really required to gather by the constitution is a count of citizens, and the number of people living at each address is all that anyone should provide. Especially since the government obviously is more concerned with gathering as much information as it can about citizens than protecting their rights. It was true of the Bush administration, and by all the evidence nothing has changed with the Obama administration. I have no doubt that census data will be used in whatever fashion the government feels the need to use it, no matter what the law says.

TMI - some info shouldn't be realtime

February 2009 - "Just landed in Baghdad" tweeted Peter Hoekstra while on a 'secret' trip to Iraq. The media was aware of the trip, but agreed to embargo the information until after they arrived back in the U.S. for the safety of the congressmen. Since the congressman started tweeting before they left, the newspapers needn't have bothered.

March 3, 2010 - "On Wednesday we clean up Qatanah, and on Thursday, god willing, we come home," the soldier wrote on his Facebook page, refering to a West Bank village near Ramallah. That's from a story on Haaretz.com regarding a Facebook security breach. The mission the young man (he may not be a soldier, now) mentioned has been scrapped. According to Robert Mackey on the The Lede such details as the units name and the time of the raid were also revealed.

In the first case, Senator Hoekstra was former head, and senior member of the House intelligence committee. You would think a man with that kind of background would have more sense than to tweet details of his Baghdad itinerary. In the second, you would think a young soldier would be aware that posting details of an upcoming mission on Facebook would be a severe security breach - and could even be considered treason. But I wonder. How many of us actually realize how available things we put on Facebook and twitter really are? Do we really understand that what we put on Twitter and Facebook can be seen by just about anyone? With all the foolish things being put up on Facebook and Twitter, the real surprise isn't that two people posted national security breaking info on social networking sites, it's that we don't see a lot more of this happening.

I'm sure that most of my readers aren't in a position to spill national secrets, but spilling your own secrets can be bad enough. Think before you post on any site, and avoid the embarrassment of foot in mouth.

GAO to TSA: Test those scanners first!

In a report by Jaikumar Vijayan on pcworld.com we learn that the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has told the TSA to make sure they properly test the full body scanners they are trying to deploy. The GAO reminds the TSA that another technology, Explosive Trace Portals, was rushed to deployment, and performed so abysmally that only about 1/2 the units purchased were installed, and by the end of 2009 all but 9 were out of service. Those 9 will be gone by the end of the year.

The GAO says that the TSA had not tested the full body scanners by October 2009, but claims to have finished testing by the end of that year. The problem, according to the GAO, is there is no verification that real world tests, ie tests trying to fool or bypass the scanners, were done.

Without such tests - carried out with a sincere desire to get past the scanners - there is no guarantee that the scanners are effective. It's easy to find something carelessly hidden. It's another thing to catch something carefully hidden by someone with a good idea of how to hide it.

If some of the things I've read are correct, as little as a millimeter of skin will keep  these scanners from finding something. Having the amount of skin necessary for a bomb pulled up and sewn down over high explosives doesn't seem very attractive, but we're talking about people who are not expecting to be in one piece for much longer when this is done. Of course, there are less violent ways to hide a bomb inside the body. People smuggle drugs that way all the time.

This really comes down to a cost benefit analysis. The cost of the methods required to get around full body scanners - apparently very low. The cost of the scanners? A very high $130,000 to $170,000 each. Unless the TSA can show the scanners can effectively reduce terrorist attempts, the cost outweighs the benefit. From the information available now, that seems unlikely.

Full body scans: Trading privacy for illusion of security?

Hebba Aref has been a privacy advocate for some time. And she experienced anti-muslim prejudice first-hand when she was told that she couldn't be in a picture with Candidate Obama because of her head scarf. That was an overzealous volunteer, and Mr. Obama called her personally to apologize when he found out. I can imagine that was a defining moment in her life.

In the past she has been against full body scanners and profiling in airports. Then she sat six seats in front of a young Nigerian man on Christmas day, 2009, and she remembers the sound of the detonator, the flash, and the terrorist being led down the aisle with no clothes on below the waste.

Her experience that day changed her view of how airport security should be handled. In an article in the Detroit Free Press she says: "I'm always standing up for rights and privacy concerns, but now I hope that body scans will be mandatory," Aref, 27, said Wednesday. "Balanced against national security, it's worth the invasion of privacy. And I acknowledge the fact that there has to be attention paid to Muslims."

Coming close to death is a life changing experience, but often after some time has passed and the fear moves further away people revert to their previous opinions and attitudes. Only time will tell us if Miss Aref will continue to favor body scanners and profiling. But her story, moving as it may be, is just another emotional appeal, and emotional appeals are poor things to build policy on. Granted emotional appeals are the stuff that shapes public opinion, but they're still bad for building policy.

One of the more interesting quotes on full body scanning and privacy  came from an article in the Washington Post on January 4, 2009. It was about the images generated. It said,

"They're virtual. Passengers walk through the machines fully clothed; the resulting image appears on a monitor in a separate room and conceals passengers' faces and sensitive areas."

Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe "sensitive areas" refers to the breasts and groin on women and the groin on men. If the groin area is concealed, how are we protected from an underwear bomb?

Here are a few other quotes from the same article:

"It covers up the dirty bits," said James Carafano, a homeland security expert at the conservative Heritage Foundation.

"I don't think it's any different than if you go to the beach and put on a bikini," said Brandon Macsata, who started the Association for Airline Passenger Rights.

"It covers up the dirty bits," and it's the same as a bikini ... that sounds to me like the primary area of concealment - the crotch, will be concealed by software in the scanner. That makes it kind of hard for the human viewing the image to see if anythings been added to the area.

I've read that the full body scanners are not designed to detect the types of explosives used in most terrorist attacks. According to an article at newsdaily.com, Dutch Interior Minister Guusje ter Horst said that there is no 100% gaurantee that the new detectors would have caught the underwear bomber.

Adding fuel to the fire - or not, since there's been almost no mention of it anywhere else, the Independent ran an article, Are planned airport scanners just a scam? on January 3rd reporting that British research into full body scanners showed that they would not detect an explosive of the type used by the crotchbomber. According the to article,

"But Ben Wallace, the Conservative MP, who was formerly involved in a project by a leading British defence research firm to develop the scanners for airport use, said trials had shown that such low-density materials went undetected.
Tests by scientists in the team at Qinetiq, which Mr Wallace advised before he became an MP in 2005, showed the millimetre-wave scanners picked up shrapnel and heavy wax and metal, but plastic, chemicals and liquids were missed. "

Other interesting claims are made. Supposedly American experts have stated that traditional airport pat downs wouldn't have stopped Mr. Abdulmutallab from getting on the plane. There's a really simple reason for it. In the U.S. the security people aren't allowed to frisk sensitive areas. Not that frisking those areas will stop everyone. I was with a friend going into "The Who's Last" concert in Dallas in 1983...I think that was the concert...anyway, they were frisking everyone. My friend had a recorder with the mike in his pants. The officer hit the mike,

"What's that!"
"My d**k."

The officer got a surprised look on his face and waved him through. I still wonder if anyone managed to get something more dangerous in that way?

For me the scanner issue isn't really about privacy, although that is important. It's really about using unproven technology without making sure the measures we already have in place are working. To be honest they usually do work, but we need a lot of improvement. And before we spend $165 million on scanners we should spend a few hundred thousand making sure they do what is claimed.

Does anyone remember the bomb sniffing machines they spent millions on after 911? The machines that are mostly decommissioned because they didn't work as claimed, and spent more time broken than working? We don't want that to happen again - but it's probably already to late, because they've already ordered them. And they may not even detect the explosive they're being bought to protect us from.

The more things change the more they stay the same.

[Edited at 12:21 to improve headline by Bert]

Obama shoulders responsibility

Whatever you may think about President Obama's handling of the economy, foreign relations, or the war on terror, yesterday he stepped up to the plate and acted like a leader. He gave a broad outline (which was all he should have given) of what went wrong and what will be done to fix the problems. And that's where it gets sticky. I've been doing a little research on those handy-dandy full-body scanners that everyone's talking about, and I like the idea of using them less now than I did before. In a couple of days I'll go into some of the problems with them. But aside from the full body scanners, it looks like President Obama is taking this threat to our security seriously now and taking real steps to keep us safe from external threats.  That is his primary job as President.

Full body scan - shield or show?

Full body scans in airports - they're getting a lot of attention again, both for and against. One blog feels that just by agreeing to fly we are consenting to scanning. Another story on Canada.com agrees. It asks the seemingly reasonable question, "Do we need to see hundreds or thousands killed for the privacy objectors to back off?"

Privacy groups are against the full body scanners, saying they are invasive and demeaning. Flyersrights.org and the ACLU are both against the scanners. In a release on its website the ACLU says:

"We should be focusing on evidence-based, targeted and narrowly tailored investigations based on individualized suspicion, which would be both more consistent with our values and more effective than diverting resources to a system of mass suspicion," said Michael German, national security policy counsel with the ACLU Washington Legislative Office and a former FBI agent. "Overbroad policies such as racial profiling and invasive body scanning for all travelers not only violate our rights and values, they also waste valuable resources and divert attention from real threats."

I have to admit, I lean more toward the ACLU position. Yes, I know that a full body scan might have caught the explosive in the bombers undies - although there are claims that the bomb would have made it through a scanner. But that isn't really the issue. The issue is that we don't need to add any new security measures, we need to properly use the ones we have.

I can't say it enough. The system is broken. People are saying, "We need full body scans to keep anyone else from getting through." No, we need to start making full use of the intel we're gathering. Bush dropped the ball when he didn't follow through on his order that the U. S. intelligence agencies, FBI, CIA, NSA, etc. share information, and Obama is following his example.

The point in this is not that a scanner would have stopped this guy before he could turn himself into a eunich. It is that he should never have made it to the point where he would have to go through a scanner. We had more than enough info to forbid this guy to get on a plane. He was on a watch list, then his father notified the U.S. Embassy that he had been radicalized and might do something dangerous. That would have put him in a "watch very closely" list for me. Not for the U.S. government. According to examiner.com:

"On November 20th the embassy sent a "Visas Viper cable" to the State Department which detailed the father's warning.  The information was then given to the Counter-Terrorism Center in Washington D.C. which ruled that their was insufficient information present to revoke Mutallab's visa."

While people are screaming for more measures to limit our freedoms and take away our rights, the real problem is that the information we are gathering has everything we need to stop these terrorists, if we would only use it. Putting scanners in the mix will not make us safer, it will only be one more layer of false security.

No matter what methods we devise to detect explosives at the airport, our first and best line of defense will always be gathering data to stop terrorists before they can get a ticket. And the evidence shows we're doing a good job of gathering it, we just aren't using what we're getting.